Sampling error Essay Example

Sampling error Essay Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This could include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative outcomes.This definition of research is consistent with a broad notion of research and experimental development (Ramp;D) as comprising of creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications (OECD definition). This definition of research encompasses pure and strategic basic research, applied research and experimental development.Applied research is original investigation undertaken to acquire new knowledge but directed towards a specific, practical aim or objective (including a client-driven purpose). Research is an ORGANIZED and SYSTEMATIC way of FINDING ANSWERS to QUESTIONS. | | SYSTEMATIC because there is a definite set of procedures and steps which you will follow. There are certain things in the research process which are always done in order to get the most accurate results. ORGANIZED in that there is a structure or method in going about doing research. It is a planned procedure, not a spontaneous one. It is focused and limited to a specific scope.FINDING ANSWERS is the end of all research. Whether it is the answer to a hypothesis or even a simple question, research is successful when we find answers. Sometimes the answer is no, but it is still an answer. QUESTIONS are central to research. If there is no question, then the answer is of no use. Research is focused on relevant, useful, and important questions. Without a question, research has no focus, drive, or purpose. RESEARCH METHODS The research methodology defines what constitutes a research activity. It utilizes or is applicable to a model, and therefore sp ecifies concepts and related statements.The methodology identifies what methods to apply, how to measure progress and what constitutes success. It also specifies how to communicate about an area of research activity. TYPES OF RESEARCH METHODS 1. Historical-Qualitative – it is the systematic and objective location, evaluation and synthesis of evidence in order to establish facts and draw conclusions about past events. 2. Comparative-Qualitative – often used together with historical research to compare people’s experience of different societies, either between times in the past or in parallel situations in the present. It is conducted at a macro level or at a micro level. 3.Descriptive-Qualitative (Ethnography/Case Study) – this is a detailed description of specific situations using interviews, observations, document review. There is a description of things as they are. This works best for questions like How do people implement a program? What challenges do people face? What are the people’s perceptions? 4. Descriptive-Quantitative – This is a numerical description like frequency and average. We measure things as they are. Questions for this include How many people are participating in the program? What are the characteristics of the people in this program? How well did participants in this program do? . Correlational/Regression Analyses – It is a quantitative analysis of the strength of relationships between two or more variables 6. Quasi-Experimental – It involves the comparing of a group that gets a particular intervention with another group that is similar in characteristics but did not receive the intervention. 7. Experimental – this is the use of random assignment to assign participants to an experimental or treatment group and a control or comparison group. 8. Meta-analysis – This is a synthesis of results from multiple studies to determine the average impact of a similar intervention a cross studies 9.Evaluation – this is a descriptive type of research designed to deal with complex social issues. The outcomes do not represent â€Å"how things are† or â€Å"how they work†, rather they represent meaningful constructions which groups create to make sense of situations they find themselves in. evaluation should be action oriented, defines a course which can be practically followed and usually requires negotiation. 10. Action-oriented research – similar to experimental research although carried out in the real world ather than in the context of a closed experimental system – it involves small scale interventions in the functioning of the real world and a close examination of the effects of such an intervention. This is a practical form of research, aimed at a specific problem and situation and with little or no control over independent variables. 11. Ethnogenic – the aim of this research method is to represent a view of the wor ld as it is structures by the participants under observation by eliciting phenomenological data and this takes place in undisturbed natural settings of the subjects. LITERATURE REVIEWLiterature Review is an analysis of prior academic research so as to identify the who, what, where, and whys’ of the chosen topic area. It is a critical, analytical summary and synthesis of the current knowledge of a topic. Thus it should compare and relate different theories, findings, etc, rather than just summarize them individually. In addition, it should have a particular focus or theme to organize the review. It does not have to be an exhaustive account of everything published on the topic, but it should discuss all the significant academic literature important for that focus.TYPES OF LITERATURE REVIEW Traditional or Narrative literature Review * Critiques and summarizes a body of literature * Draws conclusions about the topic * Identifies gaps or inconsistencies in a body of knowledge * Re quires a sufficiently focused research question Weaknesses: * A large number of studies may make it difficult to draw conclusions * The process is subject to bias that supports the researchers own work. Systematic Literature Review * More rigorous and well-defined approach * Comprehensive Published and unpublished studies relating to a particular subject area * Details the time frame within which the literature was selected * Details the methods used to evaluate and synthesize findings of the studies in question SAMPLING Researchers use samples as a way to gather data in cases where it is almost impossible to gather the entire population as respondents. Moreover, if it is deemed too costly and too time consuming to include the entire populaiton, sampling is also necessary. A sample is a subset of the population being studied.It represents the larger population and is used to draw inferences about that population. It is a research technique widely used in the social sciences as a way to gather information about a population without having to measure the entire population. There are several different types and ways of choosing a sample from a population, from simple to complex. Non-probability Sampling Techniques Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique where the samples are gathered in a process that does not give all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected.Reliance On Available Subjects. Relying on available subjects, such as stopping people on a street corner as they pass by, is one method of sampling, although it is extremely risky and comes with many cautions. This method, sometimes referred to as a convenience sample, does not allow the researcher to have any control over the representativeness of the sample. It is only justified if the researcher wants to study the characteristics of people passing by the street corner at a certain point in time or if other sampling methods are not possible.The researcher must also take c aution to not use results from a convenience sample to generalize to a wider population. Purposive or Judgmental Sample. A purposive, or judgmental, sample is one that is selected based on the knowledge of a population and the purpose of the study. For example, if a researcher is studying the nature of school spirit as exhibited at a school pep rally, he or she might interview people who did not appear to be caught up in the emotions of the crowd or students who did not attend the rally at all.In this case, the researcher is using a purposive sample because those being interviewed fit a specific purpose or description. Snowball Sample. A snowball sample is appropriate to use in research when the members of a population are difficult to locate, such as homeless individuals, migrant workers, or undocumented immigrants. A snowball sample is one in which the researcher collects data on the few members of the target population he or she can locate, then asks those individuals to provide information needed to locate other members of that population whom they know.For example, if a researcher wishes to interview undocumented immigrants from Mexico, he or she might interview a few undocumented individuals that he or she knows or can locate and would then rely on those subjects to help locate more undocumented individuals. This process continues until the researcher has all the interviews he or she needs or until all contacts have been exhausted. Quota Sample. A quota sample is one in which units are selected into a sample on the basis of pre-specified characteristics so that the total sample has the same distribution of characteristics assumed to exist in the population being studied.For example, if you a researcher conducting a national quota sample, you might need to know what proportion of the population is male and what proportion is female as well as what proportions of each gender fall into different age categories, race or ethnic categories, educational categor ies, etc. The researcher would then collect a sample with the same proportions as the national population. Probability Sampling Techniques Probability sampling is a sampling technique where the samples are gathered in a process that gives all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected. Simple Random Sample.The simple random sample is the basic sampling method assumed in statistical methods and computations. To collect a simple random sample, each unit of the target population is assigned a number. A set of random numbers is then generated and the units having those numbers are included in the sample. For example, let’s say you have a population of 1,000 people and you wish to choose a simple random sample of 50 people. First, each person is numbered 1 through 1,000. Then, you generate a list of 50 random numbers (typically with a computer program) and those individuals assigned those numbers are the ones you include in the sample.Systematic Sample. In a systematic sample, the elements of the population are put into a list and then every kth element in the list is chosen (systematically) for inclusion in the sample. For example, if the population of study contained 2,000 students at a high school and the researcher wanted a sample of 100 students, the students would be put into list form and then every 20th student would be selected for inclusion in the sample. To ensure against any possible human bias in this method, the researcher should select the first individual at random. This is technically called a systematic sample with a random start.Stratified Sample. A stratified sample is a sampling technique in which the researcher divided the entire target population into different subgroups, or strata, and then randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different strata. This type of sampling is used when the researcher wants to highlight specific subgroups within the population. For example, to obtain a stratified sample of university students, the researcher would first organize the population by college class and then select appropriate numbers of freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors.This ensures that the researcher has adequate amounts of subjects from each class in the final sample. Cluster Sample. Cluster sampling may be used when it is either impossible or impractical to compile an exhaustive list of the elements that make up the target population. Usually, however, the population elements are already grouped into subpopulations and lists of those subpopulations already exist or can be created. For example, let’s say the target population in a study was church members in the United States. There is no list of all church members in the country.The researcher could, however, create a list of churches in the United States, choose a sample of churches, and then obtain lists of members from those churches. References Babbie, E. (2001). The Practice of Social Research: 9th Editio n. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Thomson. SLOVIN’S FORMULA When to Use Slovins Formula * If a sample is taken from a population, a formula must be used to take into account confidence levels and margins of error. When taking statistical samples, sometimes a lot is known about a population, sometimes a little and sometimes nothing at all.For example, we may know that a population is normally distributed (e. g. , for heights, weights or IQs), we may know that there is a bimodal distribution (as often happens with class grades in mathematics classes) or we may have no idea about how a population is going to behave (such as polling college students to get their opinions about quality of student life). Slovins formula is used when nothing about the behavior of a population is known at all. How to Use Slovins Formula * Slovins formula is written as: n = N / (1 + Ne^2) n = Number of samples N = Total population e = Error toleranceTo use the formula, first figure out what you want your erro r of tolerance to be. For example, you may be happy with a confidence level of 95 percent (giving a margin error of 0. 05), or you may require a tighter accuracy of a 98 percent confidence level (a margin of error of 0. 02). Plug your population size and required margin of error into the formula. The result will be the number of samples you need to take. For example, suppose that you have a group of 1,000 city government employees and you want to survey them to find out which tools are best suited to their jobs. You decide that you are happy with a margin of error of 0. 5. Using Slovins formula, you would be required to survey n = N / (1 + Ne^2) people: 1,000 / (1 + 1000 * 0. 05 * 0. 05) = 286 PLAGIARISM According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, to plagiarize means * to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as ones own * to use (anothers production) without crediting the source * to commit literary theft * to present as new and original an idea or product deri ved from an existing source In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone elses work and lying about it afterward Examples of plagiarism: turning in someone elses work as your own * copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit * failing to put a quotation in quotation marks * giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation * changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit * copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not Belen, Other than these, review mo din ung statement of the problem mo, conceptual framework, paradigm at methodology dun sa pinasa mong research proposal before. Im sure itatanong un sa u.

Term Paper on Computer

Term Paper on Computer Computer and its studies is a necessary field of expertise that everyone should be aware of. It is not necessary that you should be a master of computer but you should be able to use it, as it is the need of today’s society. Computers play an important role in our lives as they are needed in hospitals, educational institutions, security places, business organizations, libraries, homes, scientific institutions, shopping markets, sports gatherings, festival gatherings and all types of gatherings and other institutions all over the world. It is only because of computers that the world has become a global village. We can talk from our homes to far away places within no time and can deliver all kinds of files to our friends and relations through the usage of computers. Computer has made our life easy. A computer was created for computing fast- a purely mathematical function. Today they are used to forecast the weather, to operate machines, to cut sell to size and even to guide a sp acecraft to the moon. Computers help to trace criminals. Computers are used in the  airlines - the whole world of airlines functions efficiently with its help. Hotels make use of them from managerial capacities to kitchen and companies use them for accounting and invoicing, etc. A computer is a data processing device, which acts upon data coming to it in all shapes and sizes. It deals with the science of information processing, invoicing, recording, manipulating, and retrieving information stored as patters of electrical pulses. A computer has to be programmed as per the requirement either to guide a missile or to write poetry. Teachers assign their students to write computer term papers on various computer term paper topics such as term paper on computer technology, term paper on computer networking, term paper on computer software, term paper on computer hardware, term paper on computer accessories, term paper on computer programming, term paper on computer devices and many more. How to write a term paper on computer is a query students feel that they should ask. Term paper on computers should be fully informative and simply written that even a person who is not aware of the usage of computer technology can understand it easily. Clear and vivid writing makes your writing of term paper on computers a good one and you are eligible to get good marks for your written computer term paper. In case of problem in writing term paper on computers, you can buy term paper on computer from well-known term paper writing companies like us, which write custom   computer term papers in lieu of assistance to the students or read useful tips how to write a term paper. Here is a list of the most popular computer science essay topics: 1. Apple Computer Corporate and Business Strategy 2. The Computer Industry The â€Å"Con† Side 3. The Different Types of Computer Crimes and the Harm They Cause 4. Technostress Computer Vision Syndrome 5. Computer Viruses and Protection 6. Computer Programming 7. Application of Computer 8. Computer Addiction 9. The Impact Of Computer-Related Technology 10. Computer Ethics 11. Computer Misuse Act 1990 12. Strategies for Computer Recycling 13. Case Study: Dell Computers 14. Computers that Run Themselves 15. Computer Chips 16. Building a computer 17. Computers in Education 18. Computers And Information Processing 19. Computer Games, Its Effects on Children 20. Computer Aided Machining 21. Computer Technology In The School System 22. Computer Architecture HNC Computing 23. Video games and Computer Science 24. Effective Technical Human Implementation of Computer-based Systems 25. General Advantages in Computer Technology You can order an original custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation in Computer science from our custom paper writing service which provides high-quality custom written papers.

A Comparative Analysis Of The Education System In The United Kingdom And Pakistan

A Comparative Analysis Of The Education System In The United Kingdom And Pakistan Academic Skills There are different education systems that exist in United Kingdom (UK) and Pakistan. These two countries exist in different continents namely Europe and Asia. The United Kingdom (UK) is comprised of four countries namely Wales, Ireland, England and Scotland; education system that exists in all countries that forms a larger united kingdom is not such similar. There are some minimal similarities is some aspects. Pakistan is divided into four provinces. There are differences and similarities of education systems that exist within Pakistan in their four provinces in the case of UK countries. International comparison of education system is a key factor when determining how far a country has advanced in terms of innovation, technology, infrastructure and other factors of developments. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the education systems that exist in the UK and Pakistan in terms of structure, curriculum, religion assessments, and examinations among others. The education system that exists in Pakistan is three-tier; it includes elementary (grade1-8), secondary (grade 9-12) and higher education also known as tertiary education which follow after twelve years of schooling. Elementary education is divided into two levels. There is primary (grade 1-5) and elementary or middle (grade 6-8). This are delivered in primary and elementary school. Whereas education in UK is compulsory, education is not compulsory (statutory) requirement at all levels in Pakistan and this has led to an increase in illiteracy rate and low participation rate at all levels. In elementary schools, children between the ages of 5 years to nine years are enrolled. Education is not statutory in some UK countries like Scotland and England. In Scotland, the children entry age is five but it’s not statutory like in England; the differences that exist is that in Scotland is there is an existence of hard and fast cut-off dates in regard to what is normally considered as â€Å"rising fives†(Matheson 2000). The majority of children in rural schools in Pakistan join primary school when they have attained the age of six years or even more and unlike in UK where 5 years old are enrolled. Most countries in UK have their primary level split into two; there is key stage 1 (5-6 years) and key stage 2 (year 7-11).this is quite different with a three tier system being used in Pakistan. A primary education last for 7 years in Scotland and they do not have preparatory classes like in the case of England. Secondary education in Pakistan has duration of four years (grade 9-12). This is provided in government sponsored secondary and higher secondary schools. The majority of these schools have middle level classes. The institutions of learning that exists in all of their provinces are the same, the existence of colleges are meant to offer secondary classes. In UK, secondary schools normally targets age group of 12-16 and at times 12-17 or even 18 depending on the country, in which students joins A-levels. In Northern Ireland, major differences that exists is that their institutions exists in the basis of religious communities or sect; their schools are managed by three groups namely Catholics, community and protestants. In Pakistan, majority of their schools are government sponsored. Also there is minimal religious influence in their education sector; Islamic teachings are most commonly taught in various schools. The education system in Northern Ireland is characterized by religious segr egation, these does not exist in other UK countries (McAllister Dowds 2014). The parent’s attitude of selecting schools for their children of other religion is the rarest thing that happens in Northern Ireland just like in the case of Muslim parents in Pakistan. Their system allows religious schools which includes Muslims, Anglican, Jewish and Roman catholic schools. In Pakistan, the ministry of education has responsibility for curriculum for grades 1-12; curriculum bureau or curriculum Research and Development Center (CRDC) operates in all their provinces and their role is to provide academic assistance to ministry of education based in Islamabad. The process of formulation normally takes a lot of time; it thus requires experts’ opinions and inclusiveness, and representation from all provinces. The role of National Curriculum Review Committee is finalizing curriculum draft that would be followed nationally. The curriculum for higher education is formulated by concerned departments in colleges or universities (Shah 2014). The process of formulating a curriculum in UK varies in all their four countries. In Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, the curriculum they have is a statutory subject based. In Scotland, their curriculum from 5 to 14 is mainly based on five broad curriculum areas, 14 to 16 is based on eight study modes. The major diff erence that exists in primary and secondary schools in Scotland is that there is a domination of subjects in their curriculum. Also their curriculum is characterized by shorter academic courses and vocational modules. The rest of other UK countries have longer academic courses and vocational programs that usually lead to group awards. Pakistan curriculum formulation is more centralized and it is similar to other UK countries but not in the case of Scotland where they have flexible and teacher centered curriculum. In Pakistan, the district governments are in charge of assessment and examinations as from grades 1 to 12. A national curriculum test does not exist for primary, secondary and elementary schools in three provinces which includes AJK, FANA and FATA and unlike in the case of UK. In Punjab province, provincial and district governments have introduced national curriculum test both in primary (grade 5) and elementary (grade 8), this tests are conducted by district and provincial government. The continuous assessment test in Punjab determines ones progression in their academic system; this is per their examination reforms. Initially there was six assessments per year which was revised later to four assessments. There are compulsory examinations at the end of each grade all over their three provinces and it is conducted by different bodies which includes Boards of intermediate secondary schools (BISE) for secondary and higher secondary level; The Inter-Board Committee of chairman ensures th at there is uniformity and quality assurance across BISEs. In UK, their national curriculum are statutory most notably in England; this does not exist is Scotland. These tests are conducted in England at the end of each stage like KS1, KS2, KS3 and KS4. Primary SAT examination was abandoned in Wales on grounds that it wasn’t helpful when it comes to raising standards (Murphy 2014). Unlike in Pakistan; there is no much difference when it comes to awarding of certificates across the UK. The GCSE are awarded to students upon completing their 16 years of schooling while in Scotland, it is awarded after 17 or 18 years of schooling (McNally 2013). In conclusion, this study shows differences and similarities that exist in the Pakistani education system and UK education system. There are disparities in education system within the UK countries just like in the case of four provinces within Pakistan. What creates these divisions in education system of this two countries are the resources that are there in public schools; the Pakistani educational institutions experience lack of qualified and trained personnel despite the similarities that exists in terms of infrastructure between these two countries (Lall 2012).

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 25

Report - Essay Example In order to design the spreadsheet model, a graph of cost of silver from both companies during the month and a spreadsheet for each company. From the spreadsheet model, it is clear that the company would order silver Rookstone Company. The company is selected because of relatively low cost. The total monthly cost of silver from Rookstone Company is 113.67 while the total cost of silver from Metal Direct Company is 116.66. The graph illustrates the relationship between the cost of silver and the number of order for the two companies. For example, the cost of silver for four orders is 35.08 from Metal Direct Company and 34.18 from the Rookstone Company. The fluctuation in prices can be explained by the value added tax charged for each order. The attached file provided information in regard to dimensions, weights of materials used. The file also provides information in regard to order, total weight, cost of silver, VAT charged and total cost per month. The data provided shows that there is moderate agreement between management team opinion and industry expert opinion with r=0.5636.the number of trips is the factor which mostly influences the estimated safety when using the transport system. The relationship can be estimated using the model below; Smith and Jones Company provided data on Transport Company with respect to Transport Company which provides a Light Rail Transport system in an urban area. The company is interested to know level of agreement between management team opinion and industry expert opinion in regard to priority in spending. The company also provided survey data to investigate factors which mostly influence how safe customers feel when travelling on the service. In order to determine the level of agreement, spearman’s rank correlation coefficient is used. The options re listed and values assigned in respect to each option as per the two groups.the difference in value of opinion is obtained and then squared. Thespearman’s

Faxed Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Faxed - Essay Example Traditional methods of teaching and assessment are increasingly being questioned in the light of self efficacy – a factor that has not been taken into consideration previously in assessing learning outcomes but which is becoming more and more relevant in today’s educational context. According to Fullan (2001), â€Å"leading in a culture of change is about unlocking the mysteries of living organizations.† On this basis old and established systems of education are increasingly being found in need of reform. Structural reforms have been mooted in the educational system, in order to bring about changes in teaching and learning practices (Cohen, 1995). The E 2020 computer program has been designed for the use of special education students in high school. It consists of computerized lessons and tests and each student works individually on these programs. The use of technology as an aid to learning, especially for high school, career oriented students has been shown to result in positive payoffs in terms of enhancing student achievement at several high schools.(Readers Digest 2002). The use of computers enables students to take responsibility for their own learning and thereby enhances their self efficacy, producing better results in terms of achievement. These aspects must be taken into consideration by teachers in order to enhance self efficacy of students and maximize the potentially beneficial effects of using the E 2020 computer program to enhance student achievement. The first aspect identifies the importance of addressing the concerns of the minorities within a majority setting in order to ensure that they are able to develop self efficacy. This would require that differences need to be accounted for and addressed. As an example, the theories of Michael Gurian have highlighted the fact that boys are not faring well under the current educational systems and

Mr. Burger Essay Example for Free

Mr. Burger Essay Mr. Burger is an international fast-food chain that first opened at Lake Michigan Drive by Peter and Maria Christopoulos, in 1967, between the Ottawa and Kent counties. Since that time, Mr. Burger has evolved from a neighborhood teen hang-out into a thriving family-oriented restaurant. It has transitioned from serving hot dogs and burgers to offering a full menu of breakfast, lunch, dinner, and dessert. It launched its first branch in Pakistan, in late 1980’s, near NIPA bridge. Since its launch in Pakistan, Mr. Burger has opened branches at Tariq Road, Boat Basin, Bahadurabad and North Nazimabad. Over the years, customers have come to appreciate the good service and delicious, quality foods offered by Mr. Burger. Situation Analysis. In the past few years, the overall value of Mr. Burger has declined. From our own observation of 2 branches (Tariq Road Boat Basin), we found that the overall state of the branches was below par. The tables and chairs were dirty. The chairs itself were quite uncomfortable. The wallpaper from the walls was scrapped from places. Even the entrance doormat and door had flies and mosquitoes all over them, making the place look unhygienic. Over the past 5-6 years, there has been little or no promotion and this has led further in its decline. Also, the employees are also pretty dull and less-friendly. Their appearance and way of interacting shows as if they are disinterested in working. Even the loyal customers do not prefer it to dine out, due to its poor performance. In the early 2000’s, McDonalds and KFC had been launched in Pakistan, but customers by then, preferred Mr. Burger. In the past 5 years, the scenario is completely different. Competitors like KFC, McDonalds and Subway have taken over Mr. Burger’s market share. All the other competitors engage in variety of promotional campaigns, and the frequency of promotion is also high. Every month or 2, we see new billboards of KFC and McDonalds, introducing some new food items to their menu, or promoting a new deal. KFC and McDonalds have done well in their promotions, and every family prefers them when they go out to eat. Also, the food items of Mr. Burger are overpriced: their Rs.110 beef burger seems to be a matter of few bites. From a survey carried out, we found that Mr. Burger has the lowest brand awareness, usage and performance, in comparison to its main 3 competitors. The overall environment of KFC and McDonalds is very entertaining, providing pleasure to kids, teenagers and adults. That’s the reason why families enjoy dining out there. Before PR Plan|. * Mr. Burger had no credibility * Mr. Burger had no interaction on social media and no website * Very little share of its target market * Old theme â€Å"JUICIEST BURGER†| During PR|. * Consumer started interacting on facebook through competition * Participant and consumer started thinking as â€Å"New Improved Mr. Burger† * Students started noticing through fun fact sheets and free comments * New theme â€Å"Love it for Life† * CSR â€Å"Pure Food† article| After PR|. * Mr. Burger considered as place for hygienic food and fun * Mr. Burger considered as socially responsible * Positive Word-of-Mouth * Brand new Mr. Burger * More credible, more fun, and more health concious| (yeh chart thora contradict kar raha hai hamari observation se, so we can eliminate this chart.) LOVE IT FOR LIFE We believe that Mr. Burger is a restaurant which has a potential to make some of the best memories for its customers. We believe that the people in Pakistan value life and value love to its maximum potential and all it is attainable if you are part of a family. Therefore, we have aimed to promote a family environment for MR. BURGER. Target audience: We are targeting all audiences of ages 6 and above and of social class C+ and above. We are mostly targeting families that have children between the ages of 6-13 as we believe children of these ages are a key factor for promoting restaurant dining in Pakistan. These families would have a tendency to eat out at a place where they have a clean and friendly environment and can have fun together. These families would not be very picky when it comes to choosing a restaurant when eating out but we want to create an image that whenever they think of eating out, they think of Mr. Burger. PR Objectives: * To re launch our brand by creating extended brand awareness. * To build brand credibility by communicating our values and our products to our target audience. * To vitalize our brand by following a new brand ideology and choosing new paths of brand communication. PR Plan Considerations: * The interiors of all the outlets have been redesigned to fit our new theme, â€Å"LOVE IT FOR LIFE† * A Website Facebook page have been established with sufficient members to initiate social and online campaigning. * A number of entries will be received for the â€Å"Director of Fun† competition * Terms and Conditions have already been discussed with channels for the airing of â€Å"MR.BURGER THE SERIES† * Terms and conditions have been agreed with ROB of MAD TV airing on POGO channel for the endorsement of Mr. Burger PR TOOLS: * Fun facts: We would be publishing an article which would contain 10 fun facts about burgers which our target audience would not be aware of. These facts would be such that they are universally accepted and cannot be challenged. This article would be published on all websites and publications which have a large number of target audiences which are children and family oriented people. * Free Compliments: With every meal, we would be giving our customers free compliment cards containing different phrases and sentences which we should our friendly service and care towards all of our customers. This would also help create a positive WOM for Mr. Burger amongst our customers. * Director of Fun: We would be organizing an online competition targeted towards kids of ages 6-13. The objective of this competition would be come with the most imaginative ways to have fun while eating fast food. The participants would have to upload videos and/or photographs on our Facebook page and the entry with the most number of likes would be declared the winner. The winner would be officially being titled as Mr. Burger’s â€Å"Director of Fun†. * Pure Food: This would be a CSR initiative by Mr. Burger to promote the importance of eating fresh and healthy food. This will be achieved by our redesigned packaging and messages running on LCDs present in our outlets. This message will also be communicated through sponsoring seminars on healthy eating being conducted every six months. * Mr. Burger The Series: A kids’ mini TV show will be sponsored as part of a campaign to build a brand mascot for Mr. Burger. The concept of this would be simply be to show a superhero that is just like an average person but when someone is in a peril and needs to be saved, this individual eats a burger and becomes, Mr. Burger  the superhero. * Mr. Burger Times: A newsletter will be published on the website every month which would contain messages from our staff to our customers and our customers to our staff. It would also contain pictures of the good times that people would have experienced at any of the Mr. Burger outlets. This section would also contain a blog where people would be encouraged to mention anything and everything that is related to Mr. Burger. PR PLAN Structure: LAUNCH: * FUN FACTS * DIRECTOR OF FUN * MR. BURGER  THE SERIES POST LAUNCH: * PURE FOOD * FREE COMPLIMENTS * MR. BURGER TIMES.

All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque Essays -- Liter

It’s always interesting to see what other people have to say concerning a book one has read personally. Sometimes it is so disappointing because a story may have meant the world, but the reviewer or the critical writer rips it apart heartlessly. Or, as one may hope, the reviewer enjoyed each bit of the tale as much as was possible. Of course the reality and purpose of a critique is to demonstrate whether the author was successful in his/her goal to create a widely-read piece, a moving piece, or a well written piece to be added to one’s collector items. All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque, is lucky enough to be on my list of agreement with most critics. This almost ninety-year-old, historical fiction novel has been said to embody impressionist ideals about World War I. Great characterization on three different levels also helps the reader come to a better understanding about the Great War as an event and the ideals people were feeling as a direct result. This tale was so great that it was snatched up by Hollywood’s affluent of the time and produced. I cannot argue the likelihood that Hollywood picked it up because it was well-written. . When Remarque’s book entered the literary scene in 1929, it was a big success which completely overrode the previous novel he had written some years earlier. I have not personally read his other pieces, but without a doubt All Quiet deserves every bit of attention it received and still does. This well-written novel was not cumbersome in appearance or in the actual reading, and that is a slight shock considering the topics it covered. One of the reasons this book had so much power first in Germany and (luckily) many other countries was that it plainly but truthfully ... ...rtistic expression,† (42). His understanding and usage of this method is phenomenal. Obviously others of the day thought so too because the story was rather quickly made into a movie. This was the time period when Hollywood jumped on classic books and fantastic new ones entering the literary scene in order to ensure public attendance. Remarque’s novel was so great that it, in all truth, did not need to be lucky. Works Cited Firda, Richard Arthur. All Quiet on the Western Front: Literary Analysis and Cultural Context. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1993. Taylor, Harley U., Jr. Erich Maria Remarque: A Literary and Film Biography. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., 1989. Taylor, Marvin J. â€Å"The Life and Writings of Erich Maria Remarque†. 27 April 2008 .