Essay Organizational Behavior - 1057 Words

Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior: Organizational behavior refers to the attitudes and behavior of the individuals in the organization. Organizational behavior is a inter-disciplinary field of study that draws from many of the behavioral sciences. The goal of organizational behavior is to apply the concepts from the other behavioral sciences to pressing problems that management may be facing, as well as applying organizational behavior to the administrative theory and practices. With the problems of organizational behavior, there are a number of available strategies that can be utilized. In the past, the study of the organizations and the management used a closed-systems view. The purpose of this view was to†¦show more content†¦Organization culture can also be characterized using the three levels of organizational culture. (Schein 1988) The first and most visible level is behavior and artifacts. This is the observable level of culture, and consists of the behavior patterns and outward manifestations of culture. Artifacts and behaviors can describe what a group is doing, but not explain the why. The next level of organizational culture is values. A companies values define and to a larger extent determine behaviors. The values are not as directly observable, as behaviors are. There may be a difference between the stated and the operating values. People will attribute their behavior to the stated values of the organization. And finally the last level of organizational culture is assumptions and beliefs. To really understand culture, we have to get to down to the deepest level, the level of assumptions and beliefs. The underlying assumptions grow out of values, until they are taken for granted and have dropped out of awareness. Diversity: Most people would agree that diversity in the workplace utilizes our countrys skills to the fullest, and contributes to our overall growth and prosperity of the organization. The reality of the situation is that it hasnt taken full effect and the progress remains slow. One of the reasons for the lack of organizational growth has been the lack of diversity inShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Citizenship Behavior4841 Words   |  20 PagesTable of contents: Page # 1. Literature Review 1 1.1. What are Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs) 1 1.2. OCB and its link with Organization 3 1.3. How OCB’s are exhibited by employees 4 1.4. Importance of OCB 5 1.5. Effect of OCB on employees 6 2. Introduction to Organization 6 2.1. Allied Bank Limited 7 2.2. Meezan Bank Limited 7 2.3. First Women’s Bank 7 2.4. MCB 7 3. Findings and resultsRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1284 Words   |  6 PagesBachelor of Business Administration (Hons) Course Title : Organizational Behavior Course Code : BUS 250 Year of Study : 2 Number of Credits : 3 credits Duration in Weeks : 12 weeks Contact Hours Per Week : 3 hours Pre-requisite Course(s) : BUS 120 Principles and Practice of Management Course Aims The course provides students with a conceptual and a pragmatic approach to understand the employees’ behavior in the organization. This course equips students with the knowledgeRead MoreOrganizational Behavior1387 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Behavior Michael J. Bonnie CJA444 June 5, 2014 Eddie Gordon Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior is the study of how employee’s behavior interacts within an agency’s work environment. It includes many subjects which include sociology, communication, psychology, and management. 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United States Navy and Naval Flight Officer Free Essays

â€Å"My dad is in the Navy,† my high-pitched, six-year-old voice would proudly proclaim when asked what my father’s profession was. Other children’s dads were managers, lawyers, and doctors, which was fine with me, but my dad was a Naval Officer. He sailed on gigantic aircraft carriers for a living. We will write a custom essay sample on United States Navy and Naval Flight Officer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now that was cool. My family is undoubtedly the thing that sparked my desire to become a Naval Officer: my dad was a Naval Academy graduate, my uncle a Navy doctor, and my grandfather a Naval Flight Officer. For me to join the Navy and become a Naval Officer is a continuance of a tradition generations old. I would consider it a great honor to be able to follow in their footsteps, but there’s more to my decision than that. I am not blindly pursuing a career as a Naval Officer, I have done endless hours of research on this career choice, and the more research I do about the Navy and Naval Officers, the surer I am that this is what I want to become. Because Naval Officers have played such a large part in my family life, I know what type of person it takes to be one, and what type of extraordinary people they are. You can recognize them by the pride with which they hold themselves and the confidence with which they speak. They are the people who command battleships, fly jets, and dive submarines, things that most people can only imagine doing. They are willing not only to give up their life for their country, but also to lead likeminded men and women who are willing to do the same. They have to make split second decisions that test who they are and will vastly impact the lives of those under their command. This is the type of person I want to be; I want to be a Naval Officer. I realize that becoming a Naval Officer isn’t going to be easy, that officers have to go through rigorous mental and physical training before they can receive their commissions. I look forward to the challenge; I know that the intensive training I will undergo on the path to becoming a Naval Officer will make me better physically, mentally, and morally. I know that becoming a Naval Officer will push me to my limits and that the trials I face will result in me becoming the best that I can be. I hope that one day in the future I will have earned the right to call myself a United States Naval Officer. How to cite United States Navy and Naval Flight Officer, Papers

Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt

Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Essay The Mysteries Surrounding Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a killer. What we know is that it wastes no time. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease will kill a person within one year of contraction. It is yet unknown how Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease chooses its victims, but it does seem to have accomplices, known as the spongiform encephalopathies, in the rest of the animal kingdom. It is possible that it may be known what means Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease uses in order to annihilate its victims, but the theory surrounding that is still controversial. By examining the facts and observing the evidence we shall one day uncover the truth behind this malicious killer. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a rare neuro-degenerative disease. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a rare neuro-degenerative disease that leads to the loss of coordination, dementia and death. Death usually occurs within a year of the onset of symptoms. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is a human disease and can be dormant for as long as thirty years. The average age of onset is sixty years, but there are recorded instances of onset as easily as sixteen years and as old as 80 years. It is estimated that, world-wide, between 0.5 and 1 case per million population occurs annually. Increased incidence in some regions of the world has been attributed to the possibility of a genetic predisposition. In the United States the incidence has been reported as being 0.9 deaths per million population attributable to Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. This is an inexact figure however, due to the fact that Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is not a reportable disease in the United States (Holman) and the Center for Disease Con trol does not actively monitor the disease (Altman). To track the disease the Center for Disease Control has initiated a four-state study of death certificates (Altman), but since death certificates are not always accurate Davanpour) the survey may not provide an accurate assessment. This leaves the true prevalence in the United States and other countries remaining a mystery. Compounding the uncertainty, autopsies are rarely performed on atypical dementia patients (Harrison) because medical professionals fear infection (Altman). The officially reported rate of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease incidence is less than one case per million people per year (World). An informal survey of neuropathologists, however, registered a theoretical range of 2 21% of all dementia as actually Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (Harrison) and hundreds of thousands of Americans suffer from severe dementia every year (Brayne; United). Two other studies average about a 3% Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease rate among dementia patients (Mahendra; Wade). A preliminary 1989 University of Pennsylvania study showed that 5% of patients diagnosed with dementia were actually dying from Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (Boller). It would seem that Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is seriously underdiagnosed. The most common misdiagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is Alzheimers disease (Harrison). Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease was even described as ?Alzheimers in fast forward (Wlalzek).? The symptoms and pathology of both diseases overlap. There can be spongy changes in the brain (a classic effect of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) in Alzheimers disease, for example, and senile plaques deposited on the brain (a classic effect of Alzheimers disease) in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (Brown). The causes may overlap as well; epidemiological evidence suggests that people eating meat more than four times a week for a prolonged period have a three times higher chance of suffering dementia than long-time vegetarians (Giem), although this result m ay be confounded by vascular factors (Van Duijn). Paul Brown, medical director for the U.S. Public Health Service (Gruzen), said that the brains of the young people who died from the new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in Britain even look like the brains of Alzheimers patients (Hager). Stanley Prusiner, the scientist who coined the term prion, speculates that Alzheimers may in fact turn out to be a prion disease as well (Prusiner). In younger victims the disease could look like multiple sclerosis or a severe viral infection, according to Alzheimers expert Gareth Roberts (Brain). Twenty percent or more of people clinically diagnosed with Alzheimers disease are found at autopsy to not have had Alzheimers at all (McKhann). At Yale, out of 46 patients clinically diagnosed with Alzheimers, 6 were proven to have actually had Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease at autopsy (Manuelidis). In another post-mortem study 3 out of 12 Alzheimer patients actually died from a spongiform encephalopathy which is the class of diseases that Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease belongs to (Teixeira). These spongiform encephalopathies appear to be diseases that enter the brain and cause holes to appear which can then alter an animals functioning and abilities. Eventually death occurs and the brains of these animals strongly resemble sponges. Assess the Impact of Genetically Modified Foods EssayScrapie was the first example of spongiform encephalopathy to be noticed and has been known about for many hundreds of years. The two most likely methods of transmission of scrapie in sheep are infection of the pasture with placental tissue carrying the agent followed by ingestion making it an acquired infection. It is also believed to be infectious through a genetic disorder, which has led many people to speculate that careful breeding could eliminate the disease, however, to date, this has never been attempted (Chesebro). More well known, in light of current events is Bovine spongiform encephalopathy also known as Mad Cow Disease. An outbreak of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy occurred in Britain in the late 1980s and is believed to have been brought on by a food supplement given to cows in the United Kingdom that included meat and bone meal from dead sheep (Hager). The transmissibility across species between sheep and cows ha s led many people to fear that ingesting the beef from infected cows could lead to an outbreak of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease among humans. There have been no cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease reported that can be concretely linked to the ingestion of infected beef. However, on March 20, 1996 the Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee (SEAC) of Great Britain announced that 10 cases of a previously unrecognized form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease had been identified and may be linked to the Bovine spongiform encephalopathy epizootic in Great Britain, where more than 155,000 cattle were affected from 1986 through 1995. SEAC expressed ?great concern? about the identification of these cases; it is possible that they might represent the beginning of an outbreak of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in humans that would parallel the course of the epizootic of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle in the United Kingdom, but with a delay of 5 to 10 years. In addition, if new vari ant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is associated with Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, there is the possibility that cattle-to-human transmission of disease has occurred in other countries where Bovine spongiform encephalopathy exists (CDC). The committee emphasized that current evidence is insufficient to establish a direct link between Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease; however, such an association offers the most likely explanation for the occurrence of this cluster of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease cases. The major evidence for the existence of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease is the recognition of a new neuropathologic profile and the unusually young ages of the United Kingdom patients. In addition, the clinical course of the disease was atypical of classic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease. All ten cases